| Step | Description | Logic & Strategic Reasoning |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Early Preaching in Mecca | Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) began preaching Islam secretly, then publicly in Mecca. | Establish core beliefs (Tawhid, Resurrection) and gather early converts (Sahabah). |
| 2. Persecution & Boycott | Quraysh opposed Islam, leading to persecution, economic boycott, and torture. | Test the faith of early Muslims, strengthen their resolve, and prepare them for migration. |
| 3. First Migration to Abyssinia | A group of Muslims migrated to Abyssinia (615 CE) under King Negus’ protection. | Seek a safe haven to preserve the Muslim community and avoid total annihilation. |
| 4. Attempt to Spread Islam in Ta’if | Prophet (ﷺ) preached in Ta’if (620 CE) but was rejected and stoned. | Explore new areas for Da’wah beyond Mecca after severe opposition. |
| 5. Pledges of Aqabah | First Aqabah (620 CE): 6 Madinans converted; Second Aqabah (621 CE): 75 pledged loyalty and protection. | Secure a base outside Mecca; Madinans (Khazraj & Aws) were open to Islam due to tribal conflicts and desire for unity. |
| 6. Migration to Medina (Hijrah, 622 CE) | Muslims migrated in stages; Prophet (ﷺ) and Abu Bakr left last. | Relocate to a safer environment where Islam could be practiced and governance established. |
| 7. Establishment of the Medina State | – Constitution of Medina: Unified Muslims, Jews, and tribes under one pact. – Brotherhood (Mu’akhah): Between Muhajireen & Ansar. – Defensive Measures: Preparing for Quraysh’s retaliation. |
– Political Unity: Create a pluralistic society with shared laws. – Economic Stability: Ansar helped Muhajireen. – Security: Defense against external threats (Quraysh). |
