| Cause of Death | Estimated Deaths | Primary Perpetrator | Most Affected Groups | Notable Cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aerial Bombardment | ~165,000 (54%) | – Syrian/Russian airstrikes (80%) – US-led coalition (15%) – Turkish strikes (5%) |
Sunni civilians (90%) | Aleppo (2016), Ghouta (2013-2018) |
| Ground Shelling | ~58,000 (19%) | – Syrian Army (60%) – Rebel groups (30%) – ISIS (10%) |
Mixed urban populations | Homs (2012-2014), Darayya (2016) |
| Mass Executions | ~37,000 (12%) | – ISIS (50%) – Regime forces (30%) – Rebel groups (20%) |
Yazidis, Sunni dissidents | Raqqa (2014-2017), Tadamon (2013) |
| Torture/Detention | ~28,000 (9%) | Syrian government (95%) | Male Sunni activists | Sednaya Prison (ongoing) |
| Chemical Weapons | ~1,900 (0.6%) | Syrian Army (confirmed by OPCW) | Sunni civilians in enclaves | Ghouta (2013), Khan Shaykhun (2017) |
| Crossfire/Indiscriminate Fire | ~16,000 (5%) | All armed groups | Urban civilians | Damascus suburbs (2012-2015) |
