Humanity had once been one community ˹of believers before they lost faith˺. Then Allah raised prophets as deliverers of good news and as warners, and revealed to them the Scriptures in truth to judge among people regarding their disputes. And no one disputed the Scriptures except the very people who received them after clear proofs had come to them—out of jealousy. Then Allah, by His grace, has guided the believers to the truth regarding those disputes. And Allah guides whoever He wills to the Straight Path.
[2:213]
The Christian Bible
- The Bible says that Prophet Lut AS had incest with his daughter.
- In Islam, incest is a sinful and shameful act that cannot be attribute to a Prophet of God.
- The Jews understood he is claiming divinity
- The original Injil (gospel)
- The gospel is the first four chapters
- The Prophet SAW
- Let us come to common terms between us and you.
- Paul
- There is not one unambiguous statement where Jesus said, “I am God” or “Worship Me.”
- The word “Trinity” does not exist in the Bible.
- The revised standard version says that the word “begotten” was an interpolation added into the Bible. They took it out.
The implementation of the Medina Charter effectively managed the conflict in a plural society, as the community of Medina during the Era of Prophet Muhammad consists of the diversity of races, religions, and tribes, including Aws and Khazraj, Christians and Jews, and others. It is a model that meets the needs of a plural society, which is manifested from the Qur’an and practiced in real life. The community of Medina developed by Prophet as one Ummah produced tolerance, respect, and responsibilities towards maintaining the harmony of Medina among each other.
Prophet Muhammad implemented the Medina Charter by referring to the Quran and practicing it in real life to develop harmony among the communities of Medina, including the Muslims and non-Muslims, who among them are the Jews and Christians. Prophet Muhammad had always treated all the communities of Medina very well, including the Jews. He shows kindness and persuades people to be lenient, do good deeds, and spread the good to others. This was shown when he told Aisha (RA) to be kind towards the Jews even when the Jews were rude towards them.
Clause 25 in the Medina Charter mentioned, “And the Jews (Banū Awf) shall be considered as one community (Ummah) along with the believers –for the Jews their religion, and for the Muslims, theirs, be one client or patron. He, however, who is guilty of oppression or breach of treaty, shall suffer the resultant trouble as also his family, but no one besides.”
Some other passages mentioned on the Jews in the Medina Charter were:
i. Whoever among the Jews embraced Islam, and they will receive aid and defense as long as they were no longer together with them, collaborating
and doing cruel things.
ii. The Jews can collaborate with the Muslims in certain things, even though they remain anti-religion.
iii. The Jews and the Muslims must agree as long as they do not battle.
iv. This ruling cannot be amended; whoever is free to come in and out to live in Medina, except those who did cruel things and committed sins.
Indeed, Allah is with those who did good and pious, as well as Prophet Muhammad.
However, the Jews violated their treaty and actively collaborated with Quraysh in destructing the Muslims instead of helping the Muslims. They revived their old bloody feud, which had been resolved by Prophet to mess up the Muslims, and they even attempted to assassinate Prophet Muhammad several times. The Jews had proven that they could not be trusted or relied on in any situation, as proved by these actions and behavior.
- Foundation of a Multi-Religious State: The Charter established the first Islamic state in Medina, accommodating both Muslim and non-Muslim communities, including Jews, as part of the Ummah (community).
- Rights of Non-Muslims: The charter guaranteed the religious freedom of the non-Muslim residents of Medina, specifying that Muslims and non-Muslims were to “support one another against anyone who attacks the people of this document.”
- Collective Responsibility: The document emphasized that all groups in Medina, regardless of their religious affiliations, were bound by a collective responsibility. This means that if an external party were to attack Medina, all communities, Muslim and non-Muslim alike, would defend the city.
- Resolution of Disputes: The charter designated Prophet Muhammad as the ultimate authority in resolving disputes. This ensured a unified legal authority that could oversee conflicts and provide judgments.
- No Betrayal Amongst Constituents: It forbade any constituent member of the Medina community from aiding or providing support to any outsider against another member of the community.
- Regulation of Blood-Wit: Rules regarding the payment of blood money (compensation paid to the family of someone who has been killed) were defined.
- Principle of No Harm: The charter stipulated that an individual could not be subjected to any harm by another member of the community.
- Prohibition of Support to the Quraysh: Given the hostile relations with the Quraysh of Mecca, the charter prohibited any form of support to them or any entity in conflict with the newly established Medina community.
- Emphasis on Righteousness: The document emphasized the importance of conducting all matters with righteousness and justice and fearing God in all undertakings.
Rights of non-Muslims
- The security of God is equal for all groups.
- Non-Muslim members have the same political and cultural rights as Muslims. They have autonomy and freedom of religion.
- Non-Muslims take up arms against the enemy of the nation and share the cost of war. There is to be no treachery between the two.
- Non-Muslims are not obliged to take part in the Muslims’ religious wars.
